The working principle of the ATS control cabinet is to monitor the status of two power supplies, usually including main power supply (such as mains power) and backup power supply (such as generator). When the main power supply is normal, the ATS cabinet connects the load to the main power supply; once the main power supply is interrupted or fails, the ATS cabinet automatically switches the load to the backup power supply to ensure the continuity and reliability of power supply. When the main power supply returns to normal, the ATS cabinet will automatically switch the load back to the main power supply and stop the backup power supply.

The main components of the ATS cabinet include control components and circuit breakers, which can achieve fast and smooth power conversion and avoid power interruption caused by power switching. This kind of equipment is particularly important in power systems with strict requirements on power interruption, such as critical facilities such as hospitals and data centers, because these places require uninterrupted power supply to ensure normal operation and safety.

The ATS cabinet is simple in design and easy to operate, and can realize unattended automatic switching function. Depending on the application requirements, ATS cabinets can also be equipped with manual operation options to allow for human intervention in special circumstances. In addition, to ensure safe and reliable operation, ATS cabinets are usually equipped with short-circuit protection devices and other safety features.

The living room is a centerpiece of any home. Properly arranging your living room can be the difference between a comfortable, inviting space and a disorganized, unpleasant area. Since living room furniture can be pricey, homeowners often struggle to find the right pieces to enhance their living rooms without overspending. Enter Welling, your go-to for custom bean bag chairs and lazy bean sofas. Affordable bean bag chairs can serve as stylish living room furniture for various home décors. From providing comfortable seating near the TV to being perfect companions by the fireplace, cozy bean bag chairs can be the ultimate solution for your living room.

Ideas for Bean Bag Chairs in the Living Room

Reading Space

There’s always a time when you want to relax in the living room with a book or newspaper. With quality bean bag chairs, you can create a cozy reading nook in the corners of your living room. Add bookshelves around the area for a formal look, and top it off with a Welling bean bag chair. Our chairs, available in various models, are made of 100% polyurethane foam, providing a comfortable and relaxing seating environment. These cozy bean bag chairs make the reading space inviting for the entire family, from kids to parents.

Complementing the Couch

Need extra seating for a movie marathon or a get-together? No need to buy another expensive couch. Affordable bean bag chairs can serve as living room furniture by adding extra seating space. Arrange your custom bean bag chairs around your couches in various ways. Line them facing each other to create a conversational space, or place them next to the couches to make them appear longer. At Welling, our quality bean bag chairs come in sizes between 69-75 inches across, offering plenty of additional seating space for your guests. No more worrying about guests awkwardly standing because your couch isn’t big enough.

Enhancing the Fireplace

If your current fireplace looks plain and unattractive, add some cozy bean bag chairs. They are a cost-effective furniture solution that elevates the comfort of your fireplace area. Our lightweight bean bag chairs are easy to move around, making rearranging a breeze. Use varying sizes of bean bag chairs, from corner sacks with footrests to larger centerpieces, to create a cozy and inviting fireplace setup. Welling bean bag chairs offer flexibility and comfort without breaking the bank.

Next to the Windows

Want to soak up some sun during warm weather? Couches can be cumbersome to move and position near windows. They might also be too wide or bulky to place at just the right angle against the sun. With custom bean bag chairs, you get an affordable living room furniture solution for enjoying the sunshine. Our lightweight bean bag chairs can be easily positioned near windows of any size, allowing you to enjoy the view comfortably. At Welling, we use high-quality memory foam to ensure maximum comfort. The convenient shapes and customizable colors we offer let you maintain your home’s theme while enjoying the benefits of our bean bag chairs.

As Living Room Partitions

If you have a large living room, you might need to partition it into different sections to create a more intimate and inviting space. Most homeowners use expensive shelves, tables, and cabinets for this purpose. Bean bag chairs provide an easier and cheaper solution for partitioning. Strategically place your custom bean bag chairs behind couches or next to shelves and tables to create partitions. Arrange the chairs in a conversational fashion to set up multiple focal points within the living room. With affordable bean bag chairs as living room furniture, you can enhance your home’s aesthetic without overspending.

At Welling, we emphasize quality, comfort, and flexibility in our bean bag chairs. Our products provide the special touch your living room needs, allowing you to create a stylish and comfortable space without breaking the bank.

Fiber to the Home (FTTH) is a communication technology that involves the transmission of signals directly to users' homes via optical fibers. Compared to traditional copper cable connections, FTTH offers higher bandwidth, faster transmission speeds, and longer transmission distances. In recent years, due to the rapid growth of internet applications and the increasing demand for high-speed broadband, FTTH has emerged as the mainstream choice for broadband access.

FTTH networks primarily utilize two types of architectures: Passive Optical Network (PON) and Active Optical Network (AON). PON systems rely on passive splitters to distribute optical signals without the need for powered equipment, while AON systems utilize active devices such as switches and routers to amplify and distribute the signals.

Main Implementation Methods of FTTH Networks: PON and AON

FTTH networks primarily utilize two implementation methods: Passive Optical Network (PON) and Active Optical Network (AON). These two technologies differ significantly in network architecture, key components, and application scenarios.

Passive Optical Networks (PON)

Passive Optical Network (PON) is a type of fiber optic network that operates without the need for active intermediary devices such as amplifiers or switches.

In PON system, the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is situated at the service provider's end and connects through fiber optics to multiple Optical Network Units (ONU) or Optical Network Terminals (ONT). The distribution of optical signals between these components is managed by passive splitters. PON systems are known for their low cost and simple maintenance, making them widely used in FTTH networks.

Active Optical Network (AON)

Active Optical Network (AON) relies on active intermediary devices such as switches and routers to amplify and distribute optical signals.

In AON system, each user has an individual fiber connection to a central switch or router, allowing for higher bandwidth and more flexible quality of service management. Although the initial setup costs for  AON system are higher and maintenance is more complex, its performance and service quality advantages make it competitive for high-end applications.

Passive Optical Networks (PON)

Passive Optical Network (PON) is a fiber-optic access network that operates without the need for any active intermediary devices, such as amplifiers or switches. The core component of a PON system is the passive splitter, which distributes optical signals from the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) to multiple Optical Network Units (ONU) or Optical Network Terminals (ONT). The absence of active amplification and forwarding devices makes the PON system simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to maintain.

In PON system, the OLT is located at the service provider’s central office, where it is responsible for transmitting data to each user’s ONU. The optical signals are distributed using a passive splitter that allocates the signal from a single fiber optic to multiple user terminals. This point-to-multipoint structure allows for efficient use of fiber resources.

PON systems typically employ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology for data transmission. In the downstream direction, the OLT divides data into multiple time slots, each allocated to a different ONU. In the upstream direction, each ONU transmits data in its designated time slot as scheduled by the OLT, optimizing the data flow within the network.

Currently, there are several standards within Passive Optical Network (PON) technology, with the most prominent being GPON (Gigabit-capable PON) and EPON (Ethernet PON). These two standards exhibit significant differences in their technical characteristics, application scenarios, and performance metrics.

Active Optical Network (AON)

Active Optical Networks (AON) are point-to-point fiber access networks that rely on active devices like switches and routers for signal amplification and distribution. Unlike Passive Optical Networks (PON), AON uses active components to manage and handle optical signals, providing higher bandwidth and more flexible quality of service management.

In AON system, each user has a dedicated fiber connection to a central switch or router. The central device is responsible for distributing data to all users and receiving data uploaded from them. This point-to-point topology ensures that each user enjoys dedicated fiber bandwidth, avoiding the issues of bandwidth sharing common in other systems.

AON typically employs Ethernet technology, utilizing Ethernet switches for data forwarding and management. Due to the maturity and widespread use of Ethernet technology, AON systems are highly compatible and easy to use.

PON vs AON

Network Architectures

PON Architecture：

• Point-to-Multipoint：PON uses a point-to-multipoint architecture where the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) distributes optical signals to multiple Optical Network Units (ONU) or Optical Network Terminals (ONT) via passive splitters.
• Passive Components：Splitters in PON are passive components that require no power supply or maintenance, reducing operational and maintenance costs.
• Centralized Management：PON operates with centralized management where all management and control functions are concentrated at the OLT, simplifying network management and configuration.

AON Architecture：

• Point-to-Point：AON employs a point-to-point architecture where each user has an independent fiber connection to a central switch or router.
• Active Components：AON relies on active devices such as switches and routers to amplify and distribute signals, requiring power supply and regular maintenance.
• Distributed Management：AON uses distributed management where network management and control functions are spread across various active devices, providing higher flexibility and scalability.

Bandwidth

• PON：Due to its point-to-multipoint structure, multiple users share the total bandwidth from the OLT. This can lead to bandwidth competition during peak times. Typical GPON systems offer a downstream rate of 2.5 Gbps and an upstream rate of 1.25 Gbps, while EPON systems have symmetric rates of 1 Gbps.
• AON：AON provides dedicated fiber bandwidth to each user, offering higher transmission rates and more stable performance. Ethernet AON can deliver bandwidths up to 10 Gbps or higher.

Latency

• PON：The passive splitters in PON do not introduce additional latency. However, the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mechanism in the upstream link might introduce some latency due to bandwidth sharing among multiple users.
• AON：Active devices in AON introduce some processing delay, but since each user has dedicated bandwidth, the overall latency is lower and more stable.

Transmission Distance

• PON：The transmission distance in PON is limited to about 20 kilometers due to the insertion loss of passive splitters. Extending this distance is possible with the addition of repeaters but at an increased cost and complexity.
• AON：AON relies on active devices to amplify and relay signals, allowing for longer transmission distances suitable for extensive coverage areas.

Cost

• PON：The use of passive components like splitters in PON reduces initial construction costs and operational expenses, making it suitable for large-scale deployments and cost-sensitive applications.
• AON：AON's use of active devices like switches and routers results in higher initial construction and operational costs, suitable for scenarios requiring high bandwidth and high service quality assurance.

Maintenance

• PON：With no active devices in the middle network, passive components in PON require no maintenance, reducing operational and maintenance costs.
• AON：Active devices in AON require regular maintenance and power supply, increasing operational and maintenance costs but offering higher management flexibility and service quality assurance.

Application

PON：

• Residential Broadband Access：PON's simple structure, low cost, and easy maintenance make it suitable for large-scale residential broadband access.
• Small and Medium Enterprise Access：For small and medium enterprises with moderate bandwidth needs, PON provides a cost-effective broadband access solution.
• Convergence of Voice, Video, and Data Services：PON supports multiple service types, suitable for scenarios requiring the integration of voice, video, and data.

AON：

• Enterprise Broadband Access：AON offers high bandwidth, low latency, and high-quality service assurance, suitable for enterprise-level applications requiring high bandwidth and quality.
• Data Center Interconnection：AON's point-to-point architecture and high bandwidth capabilities make it ideal for high-speed interconnections between data centers.
• Long-Distance Transmission：AON can amplify and relay signals through active devices, suitable for scenarios requiring long-distance, high-bandwidth transmissions.